Sustainable Tourism Developmet, Comparison Between India and Thailand

"Tourism in International Relations"

Lecture : Drs Usmar Salam MIS

Name : Yohanes Oktama Ardito

NIM : 07/250630/SP/22006

Department: Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Sustainable tourism is a concept in tourism development that lead to the management of all the instruments in a certain way so that the needs of economic, social, aesthetic can be met and on the other hand is able to bring the immunity of cultural integrity, ecological processes and biological diversity, and natural ssstem support. Talking about sustainable tourism and can not be released from some footing, are, economic sustainability, Ecological sustainability, and cultural sustainability.

To promote the sustainable development and management of tourism globally in Member states, regions and specific types of destinations involving both public and private sectors for the generation of social, economic and cultural benefits for host communities commensurate with global development interests, for ensuring the supply of quality tourism products and avoiding or reducing negative impacts upon the natural and socio-cultural environments. To accomplish this mission, the programme of work builds on the Plan of Implementation agreed upon at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD, Johannesburg, 2002), in pursuit of the Millennium Development Goals, in the framework of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism and in collaboration with the other United Nations bodies concerned and as part of the respective international and regional policies and processes.
Key objects:
• Facilitate the integration of sustainability and quality criteria into national, regional and local tourism policies, development plans and strategies through the application of policy tools, instruments and measures. 
• Increase international awareness on the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism and improve effective implementation of its principles by governments and the tourism industry. 
• Support the further improvement and application of methodologies, models and techniques for the enhanced sustainability and quality in tourism at specific types of destinations and at natural and cultural heritage sites. 
• Guidance, international harmonization and recognition of best practices, basic requirements, standards, management systems and measures intervening in the quality of tourism activities, services, products and destinations conforming to the objectives of sustainable development and requirements of consumer protection. 
• Support the integration of poverty reduction agendas into tourism policies at the global and national levels and a wider involvement of poor communities in tourism operations, through developing and disseminating tourism policy guidelines, management techniques and proposals of measures that contribute to poverty reduction in developing countries. 
• Enhance the responsiveness and preparedness of the public and private sector to conduct their activities so as to ensure the social and cultural sustainability of tourism, with a special focus placed on the rights and interests of local communities, including those of vulnerable groups of the population, especially children, women, seniors and persons with disabilities. Encourage positive participation of migrants in tourism development. 
• Improve the understanding of the relationship between climate change and tourism, and promote the formulation and implementation of adaptation and mitigation policies and measures.

India
 India to develop sustainable tourism is to balance the economic benefits and losses due to social and environmental tourism. Tourism is the second largest contributor to foreign exchange India. This fact requires India to involve more players in its use to tourism. Start from the hotel, travel agency, restaurant and other stake holders together so that each future tourism can be a long term investment. Businesses that do indeed still have to hit a variety of constraints such as a lack of adequate infrastructure for international tourism, but India continues to slowly increase the budget for the development pariwisatanya (takes a long-term). To improve the quality of pariwisatanya industry, the government of India holding SATTE Openworld in New Delhi for 15 years and the Great Indian Travel Bazaar (GITB) in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
 India is one of the countries which achieved success in the efforts to increase tourism to the increasing number of tourists coming to India since 2002. Revenue from India tourism sector continues to increase. In 2002 revenues reached India only U.S. $ 3 billion and increased to be 11.96 U.S. $ in 2007. In 2002 the Ministry of Tourism India tourism formulate a policy by entering the values that are in the concept of Sustainable Development. Policy is made with the consideration as follows:
1. Government of India considers tourism as a major commodity in the economic growth of India. 
2. Consider the impact of direct and multiplier effects that may be incurred in the process of employment, economic development, and support for tourism activities in rural areas through tourism activities. 
3. Focus on domestic tourism as a key economic growth for India. 
4. position India as a global brand to take advantage of the travel agency business development and expand global pendayagunaan of potential sources of India who have not been managed as an object destination. 
5. The absence of the critical role of the private sector as a facilitator and a catalyst that is proactive. 
6. Establish contacts and develop the integration of tourism to India is based on a unique community, heritage, and cultural cooperation with developing relationships with the State, private sector and other actors. 
7. Ensure that each tourist coming to India to get it physically and mentally, enrich the cultural and spiritual insight, and deep-felt in India.
Through tourism annual report 2007-2008, Ministry of Tourism explain some of the implementation has been achieved from the Eleventh Five Year Plan made by the Planning Commission. Eleventh Five Year Plan is a strategy to improve the quality of Indian tourism. In the plan, the Ministry of Tourism is expected to reach the target to bring 10 million foreign tourists and more than 500 million domestic tourists in 2010. Through the target, it is estimated that there will be additional income of U.S. $ 9 billion and 15 million available jobs. 
The contents of the strategy are:
1. Difersifying the Principal Source Markets for Foreign Tourists
aims to increase the number of tourists coming to India.
2. Addresing Shortage of Tourist Accomodation
improve the quality of accommodation for tourists, a government program called the Incridible India Bed and Breakfast.
3. Road Connectivity 
4. Development of Tourist Destinations and circuits 
Government of India seeks to improve the quality of tourism through the development of regional tourism, particularly for regional tourism is seen as a mega destinations 
5. Promoting New Tourism Product and Improving Existing Tourism Products 
promoting new tourism products such as tourism in rural areas, Medical Tourism, MICE, adventure tourism, and sebagaianya. expand the promotion of tourism products that already exist before, namely cultural tourism, especially with the way enrich cultural elements in the villages and some cities. 
6. Development of Quality Manpower 
The government provides training for residents through the Institute of Hotel Management, to provide financial assistance for the modernization and improvement of capacity for the training institutions that have been there. 
7. Promotion and publicity 
The government will make efforts to increase tourism promotion, both in domestic and international level. 
8. Streamlining Procedures 
Government of India to provide visa "multiple-entry" in the long term for a tourist coming to India. So far, there are 18 countries that have such facilities. 
9. Tax, Incentives and Concessions 
Government policy menrapkan "five-year tax holiday" for the two-star hotels, three, to four, which was established in the special district. 
10. Research and Analysis

Thailand

Many programs and policies related to sustainable tourism development model developed by the government of Thailand. Some of the TAT's Seven Greens Program, Thai Tourism Going Green, and Green Leaf Certification Program. TAT's Seven Greens Program provides a conceptual framework and practical guidance in establishing a balance between tourism promotion and environmental sustainability. This program is to facilitate formation of a strategic partnership and provides a reference framework in the implementation of cooperative initiatives in the seven-IM area / region. The seven areas included in the TAT's Seven Greens Program are: 

1. Green Heart: to encourage the tourists that have a social responsibility and the environment, and a part in global efforts to protect and maintain the environment of tourist activities. 
2. Green Logistics: to promote the tourism facilities and infrastructure (eg transportation) environment-friendly, in order to minimize the impact directly and indirectly to the environment. 
3. Green Destinations: to promote the management of tourism sites that observe the environment 
4. Green Communities: to support community-based tourism (commnunity-based tourism), in both rural and urban areas, the management of tourism towards a more responsible, attention to environmental conservation, local traadisi and lifestyle. 
5. Green Activites: activities to promote tourism in harmony with the local community. 
6. Green Service: to encourage service providers kepariwisataaan to create a positive first impressions to visitors, improving the quality of insurance standards, and attention to the environment pedulii. 
7. Green [Plus]: to encourage CSR among tourism service providers to encourage them to give back to local communities.

Thai Tourism Going Green is a collaboration between the TAT with the Thai Tourism Industry. This program is held in an effort to maintain a balance between the promotion of tourism with the environment to create long-term sustainability. Based on The Seven Green Concept developed by TAT, the program includes the active participation of all tourism stakeholders, including government agencies in the field of tourism, private tourism service providers, NGOs, communities, media representative and tourists-tourists, both local and international.

Green Leaf Certification Program is a program associated with the TAT of a certificate program for hotels and resorts in Thailand on their commitment to environmental conservation through the organization's hotel and resort. Hopefully, resort and hotel operations to create a friendly environment, such as efficiency in penggunaaan energy and water, water management, recycling, and other.

Conclusion
India and Thailand are growing countries, both have great tourism potential but have a big obstacle to developing the potential pariwisatanya. Obstacles that occur in India is yet bersinerginya between the Government, private sector and the tourism community in realizing the ideal, the poverty that many people in the vicinity of the destination because there is no maximum effort from the government, tourism and transportation infrastructure is still poor, India has not been fully properly apply ekoturism in pariwisatanya. While the obstacles that occurred in Thailand is the disruption caused political instability that occurred in Thailand, which caused travel warning from the 22 countries that make the number of foreign tourists who come to participate in Thailand decreased. But even though many have obstacles, India and Thailand have a policy to improve their tourism