Suistanable Tourism Development in Japan and in Egypt

“Tourism in International Relations”
Lecture : Drs Usmar Salam MIS
No Presensi: 21
Name : Tania Agustia Indriana
No Mahasiswa: 06/195381/SP/21493
Program/jurusan: Sosiologi
Mata Kuliah: Pariwisata Hubungan Internasional.

Suistanable Tourism Development in Japan And in Egypt
A. Introduction
If we hear Japan and Egypt in our mind, we will imagine the country have a beautiful nature and environment. Then, we will see Japan and Egypt now, they have been progress and quickly development. Japan is very famous in technology, fashion and tourism, because he can create a various tool and sophisticated technology and modern fashion. For example: car, washing machine, iron, mobile phone, computer, laptop and etc. Tourism in Japan is very famous in the world. He has many beautiful nature and beach. For example: The Mountain Fuji, The Keya Beach and etc. Mountain Fuji is world famous as a symbol of Japan’s mountainous beauty. Then Japan have four season, it is consists of: summer, winter, autumn, and spring. Japan is very famous in entertainment too. We often look entertainment in television, for example: cartoon and cinema are produced by Japan. For example: Doraemon and Shincan. So, we can see why many people want come to Japan, because they have all. Beside that, we have a beautiful nature in Egypt too. Egypt is very famous in tourism. He has a Piramida and Spinx and it is as symbol of Egypt and it is a very famous in the world. Beside that, he has a beautiful desert and nature. Then it can be pull factor to tourism in Egypt. Panorama in Egypt is very exotic. Then, we will discussion in this article about sustainable tourism development in Japan and in Egypt.

B. Discussion
1. The Definition Of Tourism
• Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited".
• Hunziker and Krapf, in 1941, defined tourism as people who travel "the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity." In 1976, the Tourism Society of England's definition was: "Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes movements for all purposes." In 1981, the International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism defined tourism in terms of particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home.
• Tourism is an activity done by an individual or a group of individuals, which leads to a motion from a place to another.
2. Tourism in Japan
Japan is a archipelago country that have nature tourism potential and good culture. The Japanese archipelago, consisting of the four main island of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, and over one thousand smaller islands, juts into the pacific ocean in a convex arc. The total area of Japan proper is a little more than 142,000 square miles. We need to know that today Japan ranks seventh in the world in population size, about 120 million people are crowded into an area slightly smaller than state of Montana. Japan has complete facility and infrastructure that as support into tourism. But we must know, beside Japan has rich economy, the tourism in Japan is not progress like tourism in another country. It can happen because many tourist domestic go to another country to enjoy beautiful nature in there and they feel nature in another country is very beautiful. So, to overcome and to make development tourism in Japan is rise, The Government need to do many promotion about tourism in Japan, that is a policy of Japan.
We know, Japan has a beautiful and unique nature; it can’t have in another country. Every country have unique tourism. Japan has a various characteristic tourism. Point of view characteristic tourism in Japan from culture tourism and nature tourism. Culture tourism is showed by many museum spread in Japan. For example: Kubizuka, Meiji Temple, St Nikolai Church, Yasukuni Temple in Tokyo, Kari Museum, Ramen Museum, and Yokohama Akarenga Soko in Yokohama, Manga International in Kyoto, Hiroshima Palace, Fudoin Temple, Mitakidera Temple, Itsukushima Temple and etc. Then nature tourism is showed by park and zoo. For example: Yamashita Park (Yamashita Koen), Asa Zoo and Shukkeien Park. Tourism is very important, because it can add income country or we can call multiple effect and it can create and give job opportunities. Tourism is a industry development in 21 century. With progress and sophisticated technology, tourism in Japan concern to more modern. The modern tourism is showed by hotel, restaurant, and shopping center. Tourism in Japan it consists of: Harajuku is fashion center, clothes store, food court, Shinzuku is shopping center, entertainment center and office area, and Ginza is dinning center, entertainment center and shopping center.
The object tourism of Japan, its consists of: Fukooka (Momochihama, Asian art museum, the beach, Hirao sansao villa, Keya cave park, Fukooka shrines and temple), Tokyo (Harajuku, Shinzuku, Ginza), and Kyoto (Karawamachi, Shijo-dori street, Fujii daimaru, The Shinmonzen-dori street in the Gion distric, Sannen-zaka and Ninnen-zaka).



3. Tourism in Egypt
Egypt is a country be located in Africa continent. Egypt has area approximately 997.739 km2. Egypt is a famous country that has amazing ancient civilization. The left over remarkable from ancient culture in Egypt like piramida, spinx and obelisk. Piramida is world remarkable that bring economy profit for Egypt. Piramida as a symbol in Egypt. The Egypt Government try to use ancient civilization residue as a gun to reach income country with tourism. The international tourism in Egypt not only accept foreign exchange to support economy growth as macro but to increase economic real development. With a piramida as a remarkable of world in Egypt, maybe it can easy to pull foreign tourist come to Egypt. In fact, it is not like that. Egypt must effort in order that to progress their tourism. The object of tourism that a world remarkable can’t become as one factor to tourism success. Many factors are calculated by Egypt to development tourism. Two factors to development tourism from internal factor and external factor. Safety political condition or international economy are various from many factors. From this side can looked how overcome Egypt to issues that give effect for tourism management. The success development tourism in Egypt without depend to residue ancient civilization as one factor need become as valuable learning for another country that depend to their tourism. Now, development tourism in Egypt is not depending to residue ancient civilization again. After reconciliation with Israel, Egypt begin brave expand the Mediteranian beach and around Sinai. The development another object tourism can give effect to management object tourism ancient civilization.
Egypt is famous with ancient civilization and some luxurious monument in the world. Egypt get principal foreign exchange from tourism sector and oil result, terusan suez and some middle industry. As ancient civilization center, Egypt increase promotion in tourism sector. Egypt get foreign exchange approximately US$ 3,4 million with total tourist overstep 2 million people by the year. Egypt Central Bank in report December 2008 call that income from tourism sector for first triwulan 2008/2009 increase 15, 2% become US$ 3,3 million and tourism sector contribute 6,6% from GDP Egypt total. Then, the object tourism of Egypt, we can see the Luxor ancient city and the Mediteranian Beach. Luxor ancient city offer beautiful panorama like temple. Development Luxor tourism begin used by the government since 1998 with open transportation route and begin open flight route to Egypt at Luxor International Airport. To go Luxor Temple, we can use ferry ship to pass Nil river. We can see, famous tourism in Luxor consisting of: East (Luxor Temple, Luxor International Airport, Karnak Temple, Luxor Museum, Mummification Museum, Winter Palace Hotel) and West ( Valley of the Kings, Valley of the Queens, Medinet Habu (memorial temple of Ramesses III), The Ramesseum (memorial temple of Ramesses II), Deir al-Madinah (workers’village), Tombs of the Nobles, Deir el-Bahri (Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut), Malkata (palace of Amenophis III and Colossi of Memnon (memorial temple of Amenophis III).

4. The Comparation Concept And Implementation Sustainable Tourism Development in Japan And in Egypt
Japan as progress country based industry that actually it is not think about their tourism. But some last year, Japan has been apply sustainable tourism development in development tourism. According to World Organization, definition Sustainable tourism is tourism which leads to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be filled while maintaining cultural integrity, essentials ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems and Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to met their own needs. Sustainable tourism development in Japan has some characteristic and implementation, that is economic sustainable (tourism must produce profit and income), ecological sustainable (one important aspect in tourism is concept green tourism that depend to variety nature like agriculture, forestry or fishery), cultural sustainability (tourism must increase control society with culture and value that have effect and approve identity society group) and local sustainable ( it is designed to importance local community and it can produce income for their community). But we must know, obstruction development tourism in Japan consist of: low participation citizen local in tourism, low human resources to manage various tourism activity in Japan, tourism in Japan is very expensive and language obstruction. The government must find solution for solve problem about their tourism. Implementation Sustainable tourism in Egypt showed by economic sustainable and culture sustainable. In economic sustainable, tourism must increase income and the government make regulation policy that support position country to manage tourism. In cultural tourism, tourism must development and preserve ancient civilization in manage tourism.

C. Conclusion
We have been know, Implementations sustainable tourism development in Japan and in Egypt are different. Although it is has different, but they have similarity in manage tourism. They want tourism can add and increase income country. For their, tourism is important and it can come exchange foreign that used to country in development tourism. In order that sustainable tourism development is very used to development and manage tourism in the country.

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MSI, Salam Usmar, Bahan Kuliah Pariwisata Hubungan Internasional, Sustainable Tourism Development, 2 April 2009