Perbandingan Sustainable Development Thailand dan Indonesia Pariwisata dan Hubungan Internasional

 A. Thailand Tourism 

  Many tourists were trapped due kerusushan Thailand. But similar situations occur at the end of 2008 ago. Bureau-travel agency fears the situation will be the brunt Pamungkas against Thailand's tourism industry who are dying. 
  Thailand's government does not do anything much to overcome this, the government can do only as much as possible ensure that the demonstration does not touch the tourists. In addition, the government also closed the airport and airport-to block network bertia both national and international. 
  Political unrest is being penetrated countries Thailand make this a condition of the country does not restrained. White Elephant Country is excited because the condition of the country are the political problems are not stopping kunjung. Gen. political unrest berimbas is enough to riot, like anarchist demonstration, blockade of government buildings, public facilities (airports), and so forth. Thailand tourism security conditions after the conflicts are still feeling the effects. Cause a political crisis that paralyzed tourism in Thailand. Many foreign tourists who plan trips to pause and wait Thai situation is completely secure. In addition there are also some countries that warn citizens not to travel to Thailand first for fear akan country's security situation and there is no guarantee the safety of tourists. Instability so that if conditions continue to occur, then Thailand must prepare a shrinking income. 
  Tourism Authority of Thailand or TAT is often referred to with a Tourism Board has several policies and programs related to the tourism sector in Thailand. TAT handle issues or campaign strategy and marketing policies related to Thailand's tourism presence of a tourism destination. 
Since tragedy blockade Suvarnabhumi international airport, the government of Thailand issued a lot of ways to save pariwisatanya industry. Closing of the 300 thousand passengers stranded at the airport and all flights - both will come and go - is canceled. One policy that was issued a fund of 15.6 billion Baht, or around Rp 4.9 trilun. Rescue plan for four years is expected to help the tourist industry due to the closure for six days after Suvarnabhumi Airport diblokade. 
  Many programs and policies related to sustainable tourism development model developed by the government of Thailand. Some of the TAT's Seven Greens Program, Thai Tourism Going Green, and Green Leaf Certification Program. 
TAT's Seven Greens Program provides a conceptual framework and practical guidance in establishing a balance between tourism promotion and environmental sustainability. This program is to facilitate formation of a strategic partnership and provides a reference framework in the implementation of cooperative initiatives in the seven-IM area / region. The seven areas included in the TAT's Seven Greens Program are: 
1. Green Heart: to encourage the tourists that have a social responsibility and the environment, and a part in global efforts to protect and maintain the environment of tourist activities. 
2. Green Logistics: to promote the tourism facilities and infrastructure (eg transportation) environment-friendly, in order to minimize the impact directly and indirectly to the environment. 
3. Green Destinations: to promote the management of tourism sites that observe the environment 
4. Green Communities: to support community-based tourism (commnunity-based tourism), in both rural and urban areas, the management of tourism towards a more responsible, attention to environmental conservation, local traadisi and lifestyle. 
5. Green Activites: activities to promote tourism in harmony with the local community. 
6. Green Service: to encourage service providers kepariwisataaan to create a positive first impressions to visitors, improving the quality of insurance standards, and attention to the environment pedulii. 
7. Green [Plus]: to encourage CSR among tourism service providers to encourage them to give back to local communities. 
Meanwhile, Thai Tourism Going Green is a collaboration between the TAT with the Thai Tourism Industry. This program is held in an effort to maintain a balance between the promotion of tourism with the environment to create long-term sustainability. Based on The Seven Green Concept developed by TAT, the program includes the active participation of all tourism stakeholders, including government agencies in the field of tourism, private tourism service providers, NGOs, communities, media representative and tourists-tourists, both local and international. 
Green Leaf Certification Program is a program associated with the TAT of a certificate program for hotels and resorts in Thailand on their commitment to environmental conservation through the organization's hotel and resort. Hopefully, resort and hotel operations to create a friendly environment, such as efficiency in penggunaaan energy and water, water management, recycling, and others. The criteria to obtain the Green Leaf Certification includes their participation in the areas of: 
• Policy and Standards on Environmental Practice 
• Waste management 
• efficient use of energy and water 
• environmentally-friendly products purchase - The preference for purchasing products and services from equally committed environmentally-friendly companies 
• In-door Air quality 
• Air pollution 
• Noise Pollution 
• Water Quality 
• Recycling 
• The storage and management of fuel, gas, and toxic waste 
• Ecological impact 
• Cooperation with Community and Local Organizations / Community relations 
• Communication 
• Management support 
• Training 
  The fluctuation of the political crisis that often occur in Thailand, one of the tourism policy in 2009 that Thailand is the place organizing international events such as The 1st Asian Martial Art Games, hosted by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA). This event was conducted over 9 (nine) days, starting on 25 April 2009 to 3 May 2009, which will be attended by 45 countries. To host the first organizing Martial Art The Asian Games are expected to help promote Thailand as a sports tourism destination in the world and restore the tourism image of Thailand as "The Land of Smiles". 

A. Tourism Indonesia 

  the economy and also a significant source of foreign exchange income. A vast archipelago with more than 17,000 islands, the two long beaches in the world, 300 different ethnic groups and 250 different languages, and year-round tropical climate, nature and culture are two major components of tourism of Indonesia. 
  Tourism in Indonesia are currently overseen by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. International tourism campaign has been very focused on the tropical destination with white sand beaches and blue sky imagery. Beach resorts and hotels were developed in several islands of Indonesia, Bali island with as main objective. Cultural tourism is also an important part of the Indonesian tourism industry. Toraja, Prambanan and Borobudur Temple, Yogyakarta and Minangkabau are popular destinations for culture, in addition to many Hindu festivities in Bali. Around 5 million foreign tourists who visit India every year since 2000. 

  However, development of tourism which sometimes conflicts with local people, who have made a criticism of the Indonesian tourism industry. Most of the disputes related to land property, the local tradition (adat) and the impact of tourism development to the local people. In other regions, the tourist industry in Indonesia, the big threat. Since 2002, some warning has been issued by some countries against the threat of terrorist ethnic and religious conflicts in some areas, which significantly reduces the number of foreign visitors. 
  Bali bombing in 2002 is a major blow to the tourism industry in Indonesia. A series of travel warnings issued by some countries. Then, the level of tourism in Bali is down 31%. Then, hold a bomb happens every year at the 2003 Marriott Hotel bombing, the 2004 Australian Embassy bombing in Jakarta, and the second bombing in Bali worsened the situation for the industry-tourism. In May 2008, no major terrorist attacks have occurred since 2005 and the United States Government and was a warning against travel to Indonesia. In 2006, 227,000 visited Indonesia and Australia in 2007 this increased to 314,000. 
  A bird flu outbreak in Indonesia has influenced the number of foreign visitors. In 2006, the outbreak has killed at least 46 people since 2005, making Indonesia the country with high death toll from a new epidemic. However, because the disease has not yet been proved to change into a form that can transfer from human to human, the U.S. embassy, for example, has not issued a travel warning about the outbreak. 
  Other major threats for the tourism industry is insular and separatist conflicts in Indonesia. Papua is still affected by the Papua separatism, while the Moluccas and Central Sulawesi has suffered in recent years from the flow of serious conflict. Conversely, decades of violence associated with separatism in Aceh ended in 2005 with the signing of a peace agreement between the Government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement. In the year 2008 U.S. release warningnya travel to Indonesia. 
  

B. Conclusion 

  Many programs and policies related to sustainable tourism development model developed by the government of Thailand to build a balance between tourism promotion and environmental sustainability. The fluctuation of the political crisis that often occur in Thailand, one of the tourism policy in 2009 that Thailand is the place organizing international events such as The 1st Asian Martial Art Games, hosted by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA). 
  Thailand's government needs to work hard to rebuild the tourism image of Thailand, so that foreign tourists would come back to visit Thailand. Trust of other countries is also very necessary, so that they would revoke travel warning that they remove. 
Development of tourism in Indonesia face many problems, challenges and obstacles that both global and national scale. Besides the changes required in respect of the paradigm of tourism in the context of national development. Tourism is no longer seen merely as a means of increasing national income, but the spectrum has a more extensive and fundamental. Therefore the development of tourism Indonesia needs a more sharply focused and is able to position appropriate potential destinations pariwisatanya nature, culture and community that exists in each region. In this context, each region must be able to position itself in the framework of tourism development with the national planning with the offset and the mature efforts to increase the competency of the human resources quality. Also presented in the appendix various economic indicators of tourism development that Indonesia can be used to develop tourism in many areas especially in the context of the development of nautical tourism. So, if Indonesia wishes attract serious international tourists and domestic tourists to serve in a number of significant, with the promise of a holiday in the typical, safe, and interesting, - so much homework (pr) and Public Relations (PR) and socialization which must be implemented by all stakeholders, both in the Central Government and Local Government, the private sector and the investors, and by the communities themselves. Thus competitiveness Tourism Indonesia can grow, in line with the membaiknya image of the state and the nation of Indonesia.
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