Comparasion of Sustainability Tourism Development

Tourism is a common concept that its history returns to year 1811, or in advance, and its definition goes on changed. Terminology “ tourism ” ranges people that make a trip out from their home or companies that service thm by smooth or water down their trip or make it more enjoyable. Tourism can see institute ala (institusionalisme) as an institute with millions interactions, a culture with a history, kind of science, and millions persons that perceives theirself as part of this institute.
Webster's dictionary stills to give tourism limitation on practicing tourist one bounds for recreation: ’Tourists management guidance ’ ’ Promotions / persuaders or pushing performs tour ’, and ’ tourist Accomodation ’. Because of that in Uniteds States Of America lexicon, tourist and traveler are same; everyone that remained for more of 24 hours, or overnight stay behind, go away from home it can be called tourist. Even many exemptions as tripping as militaries, college students that stay at other city, college student immigrant that is a resident, diplomat and working person goes away from home it doesn't be looked on as tourist.
Besides it, if we see trend of tourism in 21 century according to WTO, said that Tourism as strategic industrial and experiences most rapid growth than other services industrial and Tourisms as actuating as economics main driver in 21 centuries, with telecommunication industry and information technology. This thinking is built bases world economic growth assumption is better, increasing in society economy welfare and holiday becomes psychological requirement and even life style. Base on this prediction, obviously if wants to add state foreign exchange one of the ways it is start up sector tourism, but Indonesia haven't is able to respond this global opportunity. Seen from market share in the world, south-east asia just gets 4% defeat be compared with by europe that has MSI( market share in the world ) 56,6%. Seeing this fact, this writing will explain how actually tourism which is at south-east asia do sustainable tourism development was compared with European. This writing will work through how sustainable touris development's development at Indonesian State and Switzerland where Indonesia that constitute south-east asia just gets fewer market share.
According to The World Commission on Environment and Development , Extended development is defined as development that can fullfil the currently need without sacrify future generation to fullfil their need. In Agenda document 21, one of constitute sequels of extended Tourism Charters is declared that extended tourism is: “Tourism that fullfil tourist need and region that visitted by tourist (tourism's destination) for the moment, also protects and increase chance at future. That definitioin aims on resources exhaustive management in such a way so economy the need, social and aesthetic can be accomplished together and also keep up cultural integrity, a kind of essential ecology process, natural variety and a variety life supporting system.”
Switzerland or Switzerland is a state that lies in the middle western europe, which is Bern as its capital city, this state verge with France at west, German at north, Liechtenstein at east and Italian at its south. Switzerland can be said as a unique state. The most uniqueness is that this state has three official languages namely, Germany, Italian language and France. This lingual variation caused by Switzerland's state demography that where really consisting of many ethnicals, three ethnical greatest are Germanic, Prancis and Italian that all of them can live adjoint with on good terms propped by that fact in a generally Switzerland citizen can speak in their three official languages.
There are many thing pulls in around this state, as the most stands out is Switzerland's attitude that in a generally follows netralitas in international politics, this state is one of state at the most safe and comfortable in the world where criminality number very minim and keeps off active in war. Banking system at Switzerland also so-called the safest banking system for client. Concerning tourism, this little state is famous with its nature landscape that beautiful, particularly there are many snow exploited by local and also domestic tourist as medium of wintry sport. More, this State also have cookery affinity as cheesy as and its chocolate which is already universalizes. Not to mention tourism management system its that orderly well, can be seen by about hotel which have high rating and tourism education facilities that fledged and elegant.
Switzerland is one of the most world developed and affluent nation in the world. Income per capita it is one of highest in the world, as wages. Commerce have become key for prosperity at Switzerland. With their beautiful cities, Switzerland gets a lot of income. Main city as Jenewa and Zurich always visited by many local and international tourists. That tourism is third biggest Switzerland’s export after electronics machine and chemical application. Tourism gives greater gain instead of watch industrial. International tourism income is SF 11,4 billion on 1998, meanwhile total export for SF 114 billion. So tourism support 10 percents of total exports. Total income is 12 569 014, meanwhile many registers 68,2 million as nighted as regulars. Also on year 1998, total tourism income support 5,3 percents from GDP, with international tourism that represents 3 percents from GDP.
Switzerland can be said can apply sustainable environment in their tourism. A little example we can see on one of tourism region at Switzerland namely Zermat those are on southern. At this city no vehicle which utilize fuel oil so this city so-called no-vehicle city because free of pollution. People and also tourists ascends bicycle, by electrify mini golf car or by foot. Zermatt popularly with Matterhorn's Mountain. A variety tourists which visits come from whole the world enjoy its cold airs at Zermat. On winter, total tourist gets increase. It makes hotel in Zermet just open while winter, and close on summer.
Switzerland caring on environment also be rendered with many its bicycle operation that prop tourism activity. As much 1600 bicycles was operating at underground station. At Busel, Switzerland being significant increasing as big as 60% deep bicycling to train stations. At Switzerland, about 9% of total vehicles are bicycles.
In other side, old city at Switzerland care with environment. This old city lies at Jenewa and constitutes old city that drawned round by skyscraper building. Although drawned round by skyscraper building, this old city stills straightening stand because local's government and resident look on this city is must be looked after. In this old city may not there is mechanised vehicle pass. They just may use bicycle in consideration so air around old city those are used as place of this tourism not contaminated and bother tourist. This old city proveded with by European restaurants and cafes.
If saw by Sustainable Tourism Development's side, visually that Switzerland on its environment aspect is back up tourism sector. Switzerland is deeply serious ecosystems increasing effort environmental. With press pollution increase speed with using and socializing bicycle, positively gets to back up natural resources asset continuity Switzerland's tourism sustainable.
Lucerne: small town that iscar free region, to explore it just by on foot. This district lie at northern Alpen's foot, popularly because its old buildings that still looked after.

Not only at small town like Zermatt's kind and old City like in Jenewa's corner only, in term environment care we can see at their business city , Zurich. Known Zurich indeed have had bicycle band network, this becomes more point for Zurich's tourism. It remembers that Zurich's city as favorite location of international tourists. Not less than a million person come Zurich as a tourist each year . With option transportation as bicycle that expected can press air pollution and Zurich's density, and make it as environmental friendly city which must be visited in Switzerland. Added with hotels at Switzerland who applies system environmentally-friendly, Moschberg Hotel that inspires by concept “ be at one with nature ”, at that hotel also utilize organic's material as material as cookery. Also there is Saldo Hotel, at this hotel smoke, cigar etcetera is prohibitted.
Tourism developing impacts on its rise increases economy also necessarily be followed by keep on local cultural in order to applies sustainable tourism . Culturizes is uniqueness of one society. Culture is one of wayfor a society to organize and studying about thinking and aught behaviour in society. That culture is passed from generation to generation. Therefore, if culture of one state not be kept up in developing its tourism, that state will lose its uniqueness. Discolored culture one state because tourism sector can because of by tourists massivily come in to that state and changes culture slowly.

Switzerland perpetually tries for keep on their cultur in order to develop one sustainable tourism. On March 2009, one program which developed by tourism organization at Switzerland, Via Storia gets appreciation on Alpine's yearly Convention at Prancis. ViaStoria's organization based at Bern, Switzerland. That organization develops one tourism program called Cultural Routes of Switzerland. This program is reputed give contribution that adequately impotant for sustainable tourism at Switzerland.
Tourism program called Cultural Routes Of Switzerland beginning is developed on 2003. This program intent to protect historic route at Switzerland and also utilizes it as potency of tourism. In Cultural Routes Of Switzerland's performing utilizes to slow travel methode (utilizing combine various transprtasi's tool as with hike, with car, with train). It enables to Cultural Routes Of Switzerland program can focus on history, culture and also aesthetical nature which had by Switzerland. For over emphasizes on cultural aspect, this program offer accomodation as lodging and traditional hotel. This program very effective and also pulls to viewed because education point, particularly history education.
From that program, visually marks sense one good from variety party at Switzerland in developing tourism that bases on sustainable tourism development in term of culture. From that program, also can be seen one synergy which well among progress of economy and also culturizes care. That program also proves that real tourism is not threat for a culture.
From local aspect, Switzerland's tourism was designed as well to increase citizens life level and propertied local society. It visually of be given opportunity which sizeable of government to local community around tourism place to do economy activity that is engaged tourism with training program and society empowerment to be able to create employment as home industrial which its example sells cloak, dress and another handycrafts.
Indonesia is rich country with its natural resources. One of it is wealth as historical inheritance. This inheritance like a sites, old stories, etcetera. This wealth necessarily to be looked after, but fact not as such as. There are many wealth of inheritance not kept on even being sold. As example of sites at yogyakarta's region, namely boto's booth sites that as guesthouse and water garden truthfully keep wealth who can on sale but be not been brought off with every consideration and exploited as wisata's asset. Even more extreme one, inheritance at solo as statue is sold to an entrepreneur initially HS's at Jakarta. This statue constitute asset from museum Radya solo Pustaka. More acute it again this 5 statues; Agustya's statue, Durga Mahesa Sura Madini's statue, Durga Mahesa Sura Madini's II statue., Siwa's statue, and Mahakala's Statue sold by keeper and also head museum that at the price each Rp 270 million. This fact quite poor, Indonesia so doesn't price its culture remainder. Therefore can be said that indonesian government can't yet do it sustainable well.
Indonesian government in economic also can't yet empower local society. Most managements are centralized and more aims to economic growth not to propertied generalization. Surrounding society is rarely involved in decision making and helding a tourism. This situation is aggravated with many its people demonstrations.


Tourism In International Relation
Lecture : Drs. Usmar Salam MIS

Name : Natasya Reka Maheswari
NIM : 06/ 198361/ SP/21865
departement : Public Administration