Lecture: Drs. Usmar Salam, M.I.S.
Fitrianto Nugroho
07/253845/SP/22097
Sustainable Tourism Development Comparison:
France and Costa Rica
France and Costa Rica
No one can’t deny that tourism has been becoming one of important economic power of state. By tourism, state can earn many dollars for its income. Then state can develop more and more for its people wealthy. Beside that, state can reduce the number of people without employment. Many people can placed in many sectors of tourism projects.
In the other hand, the tourism development not only brings the positive sides but also the negatives. Tourism particularly brings some malware to local culture and ecological. It will be nightmare for local people and their environment if it can’t be handled well by government. To reduce the possibility of problem that can occur from negative of tourism, many governments try to implement a concept called sustainable tourism development. By this concept, government is not only developing tourism for economics motive but also can make a harmony between tourism and local people-culture-ecology.
Sustainable tourism development is a concept that offers the new genre development of tourism. This concept conducts the development from all of tourism instruments with an elaborative way to create the harmony in tourism development. The sustainability of this concept lay in an obligation for the continuous social structure, local culture, and ecological aspects in the future. There are four sub-concepts of sustainable tourism development these are economic sustainability, ecological sustainability, cultural sustainability, and local sustainability. These four sustainability are the main construction for tourism like in many countries that succeed in tourism. Many governments try to apply sustainable tourism development, only a few can succeed with this concept.
Definition of sustainable tourism development is tourism that services the demand both tourist and tourism destination for now and future, the development of resources for economics and social demand with the cultural integrity, ecological process, and all of life supporting system. This development needs the participation from all stakeholders. All of tourism product should be operating harmonically to environment and social. All stakeholders can make checks and balances by monitoring and evaluating periodically.
Maybe by comparing two states that succeed in tourism can give us knowledge and inspiration how to manage tourism well. There are two states which can reach success in developing their tourism, these are France and Costa Rica. France is the one of developed countries that can receive much income from tourism. Now, France is the number one tourism destination in the world. In the other hand, Costa Rica is the one of a few developing countries that succeeds in using tourism to lift its people’s living standard. The success of tourism affect to its economic development and political power.
By comparing France and Costa Rica, we can get the similarity and differences of tourism development in these states. France and Costa Rica are the different states with different people and sources. With good management in sustainable tourism development, France and Costa Rica can gain many advantages from their tourism. Its advantages are not only economics aspects but also social, local people, and ecology.
France
France’s policy in sustainable tourism development was a consequence of the commitment to Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s) that declared in United Nation General Assembly nine years goals. By MDG’s, France should create some policies that integrated with sustainable development to revitalize the important of environment. Then France should make its tourism harmonic with environment too.
In implementing the sustainable tourism development, France uses its institutions, Department of Ecological and Sustainable Development, Department of Tourism, and Foreign Department. By the collaborations of three departments, France tries to make all of tourism activities related with the sustainable development.
France’s sustainable tourism development focused in all of sustainability aspects these are economic, ecological, cultural, and local-people. First, in economic sustainable France develop rural tourism to rise the wealthy of rural people and reduce the possibility of urbanization. The main concept of rural tourism is simple, adding the people’s income from their daily activities not converting all people’s jobs to the tourism jobs. Tourists attracted by the daily life of rural people and their products. Then rural people get income from consumptions, accommodations, souvenirs, and traditional sports facilities.
Second, France develops ecological sustainability in tourism not only for virtue motive but also for the future economic motive. France tries to make some alternatives in solving transportation problems. Now France still develops bus and train with unrenewable materials. In the other hand France already provides taxi hybrid that better for environment. France cares about conditions of its natural tourists destinations like beach, mountain, and rural too. Their cleanness always controlled to obligate their safety for tourists. Rhone-Alpes, Provence, and Chamonix are a few sample tourists destinations that managed well by France.
Third, France tries to develop its people’s culture by festival and ancient building. In many festivals, France infiltrates all of the local value, norm, and culture. Then France open wide chance for local people to access museum like Art Fest, Galerie Des Halles, and Le Vins De France. By this strategy, local people can enrich their knowledge about their own culture and their nationality.
Last, for local-people France always develops them in tourism. Most of workers in tourism sectors like souvenirs and art shop are from local. This policy has a mean to optimize the local people potential.
In international stage, France creates a group in making tourism for a better environment. This group called International Task Force. International Task Force has a duty to promote and push the initiative in making of sustainable tourism service. This project has a mean to make a good sample of tourism development. In its first meeting, 15 developing countries and 15 international organizations attended then made some focus agreements. These agreements related with concepts with sustainable tourism developments plus climate change. Environment, technology, and culture are the main theme of these agreements.
France has already done sustainable tourism development and gets advantages from its tourism concept. After the implementation of sustainable tourism development, tourism sectors gave 10 billions Euro or 11.34 % of Gross Domestic Product. In province Alpes Cote d’Azur, tourism provides 80,000 jobs to local people. It’s a big success of France tourism and can be an inspirations for other countries in developing tourism.
Costa Rica
Like France, Costa Rice succeeds in developing tourism but differ with France, Costa Rica is a developing countries. Costa Rica optimizes all of its resources that can explore to be tourist objects. The beautiful nature condition in Costa Rica is the best natural advantage for tourism. Then Costa Rica prefers to develop their sustainable tourism development in ecological aspects or named as eco-tourism.
Eco-tourism is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people. Eco-tourism has three main principles, first, based on natural; second, associated with sustainability; and third, reducing the negative effects of tourism. It designed to educated and motivated people to environment.
Most of tourist destinations in Costa Rica are mountainous and beach. Bird watching, national park, and nature preserves are the most popular tourism programs in Costa Rica. In national park, Costa Rica manages the sustainability of environment. About 25 % state grounds converted to be conservation for protected from illegal logging. Costa Rica has already become a house for 10,000 species of plants, 850 species of birds, 35,000 species of insects, 220 species of reptiles, and 1013 species of fishes. Those make Costa Rica become the best eco-tourism in Meso America.
Costa Rica’s eco-tourism helped by one variable that is not always been has by the others developing countries. That variable is good management by government. Good management from government gives special because of its strategic policy. Costa Rica makes some institutions, project, and policies that support the development of tourism.
There are some important Costa Rica’s policies that help its tourism development. In 1955, Costa Rica created an autonomy institution named Costa Rican Tourism Board. This institution has a duty to make policy related with tourism and its promotion in domestic and international. Most of its policies provide local-people interest and environmental. Then Costa Rica made Certification in Sustainable Tourism. This certification has a function to classify all of tourism sectors in Costa Rica. Costa Rica made the access from abroad easier with its accessible transportation. In the other hand, Costa Rica always provide the healthy sectors to obligate that Costa Rica is safe for tourists. For all tourism stakeholders, Costa Rica issued some legislation that gave incentive and cutting-tax. That is why tourism in Costa Rica developed so nice.
Similarity and Differences
Both France and Costa Rica is the success countries in developing tourism. Both of them stand on the concept called sustainable tourism development. By this concept, France and Costa Rica optimize their resources for tourism not only for now but also for the future. Tourism in France and Costa Rica can be a vital part of their GDP with a significant percentage.
France and Costa Rica have different strategies and implementation in sustainable tourism development. France uses its department in governance to manage tourism like Tourism Department. Beside ecological, France concerns in culture aspects too. By tourism, France tries to build sensitivity of local-culture. In the other hand, Costa Rica focused on its most important capital, ecological. Costa Rica develops eco-tourism to raise its tourism. Differ to France, Costa Rica create an autonomy institutions to manage its tourism.
In the other hand, the tourism development not only brings the positive sides but also the negatives. Tourism particularly brings some malware to local culture and ecological. It will be nightmare for local people and their environment if it can’t be handled well by government. To reduce the possibility of problem that can occur from negative of tourism, many governments try to implement a concept called sustainable tourism development. By this concept, government is not only developing tourism for economics motive but also can make a harmony between tourism and local people-culture-ecology.
Sustainable tourism development is a concept that offers the new genre development of tourism. This concept conducts the development from all of tourism instruments with an elaborative way to create the harmony in tourism development. The sustainability of this concept lay in an obligation for the continuous social structure, local culture, and ecological aspects in the future. There are four sub-concepts of sustainable tourism development these are economic sustainability, ecological sustainability, cultural sustainability, and local sustainability. These four sustainability are the main construction for tourism like in many countries that succeed in tourism. Many governments try to apply sustainable tourism development, only a few can succeed with this concept.
Definition of sustainable tourism development is tourism that services the demand both tourist and tourism destination for now and future, the development of resources for economics and social demand with the cultural integrity, ecological process, and all of life supporting system. This development needs the participation from all stakeholders. All of tourism product should be operating harmonically to environment and social. All stakeholders can make checks and balances by monitoring and evaluating periodically.
Maybe by comparing two states that succeed in tourism can give us knowledge and inspiration how to manage tourism well. There are two states which can reach success in developing their tourism, these are France and Costa Rica. France is the one of developed countries that can receive much income from tourism. Now, France is the number one tourism destination in the world. In the other hand, Costa Rica is the one of a few developing countries that succeeds in using tourism to lift its people’s living standard. The success of tourism affect to its economic development and political power.
By comparing France and Costa Rica, we can get the similarity and differences of tourism development in these states. France and Costa Rica are the different states with different people and sources. With good management in sustainable tourism development, France and Costa Rica can gain many advantages from their tourism. Its advantages are not only economics aspects but also social, local people, and ecology.
France
France’s policy in sustainable tourism development was a consequence of the commitment to Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s) that declared in United Nation General Assembly nine years goals. By MDG’s, France should create some policies that integrated with sustainable development to revitalize the important of environment. Then France should make its tourism harmonic with environment too.
In implementing the sustainable tourism development, France uses its institutions, Department of Ecological and Sustainable Development, Department of Tourism, and Foreign Department. By the collaborations of three departments, France tries to make all of tourism activities related with the sustainable development.
France’s sustainable tourism development focused in all of sustainability aspects these are economic, ecological, cultural, and local-people. First, in economic sustainable France develop rural tourism to rise the wealthy of rural people and reduce the possibility of urbanization. The main concept of rural tourism is simple, adding the people’s income from their daily activities not converting all people’s jobs to the tourism jobs. Tourists attracted by the daily life of rural people and their products. Then rural people get income from consumptions, accommodations, souvenirs, and traditional sports facilities.
Second, France develops ecological sustainability in tourism not only for virtue motive but also for the future economic motive. France tries to make some alternatives in solving transportation problems. Now France still develops bus and train with unrenewable materials. In the other hand France already provides taxi hybrid that better for environment. France cares about conditions of its natural tourists destinations like beach, mountain, and rural too. Their cleanness always controlled to obligate their safety for tourists. Rhone-Alpes, Provence, and Chamonix are a few sample tourists destinations that managed well by France.
Third, France tries to develop its people’s culture by festival and ancient building. In many festivals, France infiltrates all of the local value, norm, and culture. Then France open wide chance for local people to access museum like Art Fest, Galerie Des Halles, and Le Vins De France. By this strategy, local people can enrich their knowledge about their own culture and their nationality.
Last, for local-people France always develops them in tourism. Most of workers in tourism sectors like souvenirs and art shop are from local. This policy has a mean to optimize the local people potential.
In international stage, France creates a group in making tourism for a better environment. This group called International Task Force. International Task Force has a duty to promote and push the initiative in making of sustainable tourism service. This project has a mean to make a good sample of tourism development. In its first meeting, 15 developing countries and 15 international organizations attended then made some focus agreements. These agreements related with concepts with sustainable tourism developments plus climate change. Environment, technology, and culture are the main theme of these agreements.
France has already done sustainable tourism development and gets advantages from its tourism concept. After the implementation of sustainable tourism development, tourism sectors gave 10 billions Euro or 11.34 % of Gross Domestic Product. In province Alpes Cote d’Azur, tourism provides 80,000 jobs to local people. It’s a big success of France tourism and can be an inspirations for other countries in developing tourism.
Costa Rica
Like France, Costa Rice succeeds in developing tourism but differ with France, Costa Rica is a developing countries. Costa Rica optimizes all of its resources that can explore to be tourist objects. The beautiful nature condition in Costa Rica is the best natural advantage for tourism. Then Costa Rica prefers to develop their sustainable tourism development in ecological aspects or named as eco-tourism.
Eco-tourism is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people. Eco-tourism has three main principles, first, based on natural; second, associated with sustainability; and third, reducing the negative effects of tourism. It designed to educated and motivated people to environment.
Most of tourist destinations in Costa Rica are mountainous and beach. Bird watching, national park, and nature preserves are the most popular tourism programs in Costa Rica. In national park, Costa Rica manages the sustainability of environment. About 25 % state grounds converted to be conservation for protected from illegal logging. Costa Rica has already become a house for 10,000 species of plants, 850 species of birds, 35,000 species of insects, 220 species of reptiles, and 1013 species of fishes. Those make Costa Rica become the best eco-tourism in Meso America.
Costa Rica’s eco-tourism helped by one variable that is not always been has by the others developing countries. That variable is good management by government. Good management from government gives special because of its strategic policy. Costa Rica makes some institutions, project, and policies that support the development of tourism.
There are some important Costa Rica’s policies that help its tourism development. In 1955, Costa Rica created an autonomy institution named Costa Rican Tourism Board. This institution has a duty to make policy related with tourism and its promotion in domestic and international. Most of its policies provide local-people interest and environmental. Then Costa Rica made Certification in Sustainable Tourism. This certification has a function to classify all of tourism sectors in Costa Rica. Costa Rica made the access from abroad easier with its accessible transportation. In the other hand, Costa Rica always provide the healthy sectors to obligate that Costa Rica is safe for tourists. For all tourism stakeholders, Costa Rica issued some legislation that gave incentive and cutting-tax. That is why tourism in Costa Rica developed so nice.
Similarity and Differences
Both France and Costa Rica is the success countries in developing tourism. Both of them stand on the concept called sustainable tourism development. By this concept, France and Costa Rica optimize their resources for tourism not only for now but also for the future. Tourism in France and Costa Rica can be a vital part of their GDP with a significant percentage.
France and Costa Rica have different strategies and implementation in sustainable tourism development. France uses its department in governance to manage tourism like Tourism Department. Beside ecological, France concerns in culture aspects too. By tourism, France tries to build sensitivity of local-culture. In the other hand, Costa Rica focused on its most important capital, ecological. Costa Rica develops eco-tourism to raise its tourism. Differ to France, Costa Rica create an autonomy institutions to manage its tourism.
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