Tourism in International Relations
Lecture : Drs. Usmar Salam, MIS
Arief Rizky Bakhtiar
07/257394/Sp/22474
In this paper, I would like to compare the sustainable tourism development in two countries : India and Vietnam. Both are in Asia. But although all of them have been trying to implement the concept of sustainable tourism development, there is a significant range of the tourism development between the two countries. Before we continue the comparison of both countries, here is the definition of Sustainable Tourism (Swarbrooke. 1999):
Sustainable Tourism : tourism is able to be developed by in the domain of economy without damaging the environment on the tourism object itself.
The benefit of Sustainable Tourism Development itself is explained in this example :
to promote the equality in the development of tourism
to increase the life quality in the tourism object
to keep after the quality of the environment in the future.
In India, the terms of Sustainable Tourism Development means that the development of facilities must be under the control of government. In this situation, public policies are made to ensure the continuity the tourism object in the future. India as a potential tourism country to visit has had the strategy of sustainable tourism development in Eleventh Five Year Plan. Several things that has been done by the governmnet in developing the tourism are by developing the infrastructures and the improvement of human resources.
The barrier of the tourism development in India is that the development is not focused in ecotourism. Ecotourism itself is one of the characteristic of sustainable development in India. The other barrier is in several tourism objects, it is not giving the benefit to the local citizen. For example is in Taj Mahal. Although many people come to Taj Mahal to see the greatness of it, there are a number of poor people living near there.
The Government has been trying to develop the tourism in India by making several programmes. First, they make a relation between government and private sector. The other program is by giving the concept of sustainable tourism development to the local citizan. The implementation of SATTE Openworld and Great India Travel Bazaar is also the government effort improve the quality of tourism in India.
India itself divided into Northern India, Southern India, Western India, and eastern India. The characteristic of tourism in India is based in the diversity of the culture. The majority of Indian are Hindi, but there is also a big amount of Muslim living in India. The languages consists more than 700 local languages. The tradition in India itself is still done by the citizen.
Nowadays, India developed the tourism in three sectors. Cultural tourism, Spiritual tourism, and Medical tourism. In the field of cultural tourism, people are holding the culture in a prestigous area. Bollywood as the media to promote the culture of India is often showing the number oof culture in India such as dancing, singing, painting, and the lifestyle. In India, dancing and singing is the part of daily life. So, it is interesting for tourits to see the pureness of India by jining the activities done by the citizen.
In the field of spiritual tourism, India takes part as the pioneer of it. The activities in Ganges River is sold to the tourist. The temple and mosque is also the uniqueness of India, where pepole are able to see that as the tourism object. Many other spiritual activities are sold in a tour package for the tourism.
The latest is medical tourism. India is potential in this field because of their low cost and high cuality medical facilities. By viewing the implementation of medical tourism in Singapore, India has been trying to promote this sector by giving the low cost. Many hospitals with international standard is developed, and tourists from abroad are keen to visit India in this promotion.
In Vietnam, one of the key of the developing tourism is in security and law enforcement. From 1990, the number of crimes in Vietnam has been decreased. It is also supported with the commitment of the Government to ensure the law enforcement in Vietnam. People are encouraged to have creation and innovation in the term of developing tourism. For example, there are many Vietnamese selling the local product of Vietnam as the tourism utilities.
The barrier of tourism development in Vietnam is the minimity of tourism objects in Vietnam. The government looks less serious than India's in the terms of developing tourism. Vietnam only has rivers, postwar area, and traditional markets to sell. The sustainable tourism development must be implemented in more sector in order to create the tourism as the devisa contributor.
The Vietnam Tourism Board has created the Pro Poor Tourism Strategy to maximize the result of tourism development i Vietnam. There are four programmes are in this strategy :
improving upon the quality of the infrastructure and the public utilities such as transportation and accomodation.
Improving the quality of tourism products in Vietnam to promote Vietnam as the pro potential tourism country.
Improving the human resources especially in the field of tourism such as hotelier, culinary, and travel agents.
Promoting the sustainable investation in Vietnam as a safe and potential market for the tourism.
The Comparison Table between STD in India and Vietnam
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References :
Ministry of Tourism Government of India. Annual Report (2007-2008).
Salam, Usmar. 2006. Kumpulan Materi Mata Kuliah Pariwisata dalam Hubungan Internasional. UGM. Yogyakarta
Tugas Paper Kelompok India. Strategi pengembangan dan Penerapan Sustainable Tourism Development dalam Industri Pariwisata India. 2009.
Tugas Paper Kelompok Vietnam.Tanpa Judul. 2009.
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