Comparison Sustainable Development between Indonesia and Vietnam

"Tourism in International Relations"
Lecture : Drs Usmar Salam MIS
Andreas Leonardo
International Relations
06/195398/SP/21497
"Comparison Sustainable Development between Indonesia and Vietnam"

Today tourism has become one of the important things to concern in many countries. The size of tourist that travels across country is increasing every year. Tourism can be defined as a trip that has been done for a short time, happen in a place to place, without any commercials will, and only for enjoy that trip. Income from tourism can strengthen the economic side of one country. Besides of the economic advantage, tourism can give many political advantages to. So many countries now try to improve their tourism. Paris, Malaysia, Swiss is the example the country that gives much concern in tourism. Many of them are strengthening their tourism because they don’t have a long-life income. Dubai and many of Middle East country is the example. They need the tourism to replace the income from oil .
Sometimes tourism not only gives benefit to a country but also gives loses. As we can see the benefit of tourism for a country are very much. Increase the income, preserve jobs for people, is one of the examples of the benefit. Besides of that there are some losses that happen because of tourism. The example of that tourism is the destruction of the nature. In this case many countries is try to protect their country with many set of constitution, but for the implementation there is a lot of mistakes happen. So now many countries try to increase the tourism with the concept of “Sustainable Tourism Development”.
“Sustainable Tourism Development” is a concept that tries to improve the development of tourism area in a country and can make a positive effect continuously. Sustain/ continuously means that the development of the tourism is don’t make any negative affect to site of tourism. Sometimes STD is connected with Ecotourism. Ecotourism means that the improvement of the tourism is protected by regulation. So if there are some mistakes happen/ losses happen the government can sue people that didn’t obey the rules. With that concept we can see now many country now is trying to improve their tourism and also give concern to the ecological and sustainable development.
There are many countries that have been use this concept in their tourism, but in this article I try to compare Indonesia and Vietnam with their tourism policy and how they apply that concept. Indonesia and Vietnam is 2 of many great tourism countries in ASEAN. We can say that Malaysia and Indonesia has rivalry in PURPOSE to win tourist to come to their country. So in this article I try to define the different between Indonesia and Vietnam (one is a democracy and one is communist) to do the Sustainable Tourism Development. The other thing that I want to reveal is which the most effective strategy to improve their tourism. There are some criteria that I want to compare between Indonesia and Vietnam, which is site of tourism, constitution and implementation of Sustainable Tourism Development, and the way to get tourist.
1. Site of Tourism
a. Indonesia
With a very large country we can see Indonesia has so many places to deal with tourism. We can define the site of Indonesia tourism to beach, temple, in many city in Indonesia.
• Bali: the most popular and knowable site in Indonesia. There are a lot of tourism site in Bali. Kuta beach, Bedugul Mountain, etc. There are a lot of temple site in Bali, this is happen because Hinduism is affected the culture in Bali, so there is a lot Temple in Bali. In Bali there is a lot of area of beach with the center of attention in Kuta (place you can swim or surf) or you can see the sunset in Tanah Lot, there is just lovely. If you don’t like to go to the beach you can alter your choice to the mountain in Bali. There is a mountain in Bali call Bedugul. In this site there is a lake Bedugul where you can go parasailing across the lake. Bali also fame because there are a mixed between traditional aspect with modern aspect inside of them. So if you go to Bali you can see the traditional market with some of department store side by side. You can also see a hotel with 5 stars like Bvlgari hotel or some cheap local hotel in there to .
• Yogyakarta: the second culture destination in Indonesia. If you want to go see the biggest temple in all of ASEAN you can see the Borobudur Temple. Borobudur located in Yogyakarta. In Yogyakarta there is a lot of temples have been built. There are Prambanan, Mendut, Pawon, etc. Besides the temple, you can learn the origins and how to make batik in Indonesia. Batik is one of the most appreciate culture from Indonesia. Many countries are trying to copy the pattern of the batik, but actually Batik is from Indonesia .
• Besides this 2 most knowable city, there are a lot of city that represent the tourism in Indonesia, such as Solo, Semarang, Padang, North Sulawesi, etc.
b. Vietnam
• Halong City: the most popular place in Vietnam because of the beautiful islands. In every island there are a lot of caves. The cave has became the magnet for the tourist because the aspect. In this cave the war between United States and the Troops of Vietnam happen. Besides that there is Van Don (an old site shipyard), Poem Mountain (there are a lot of poem and history from the important person of Vietnam), and Batch Dang River ( a place where the Navy of Vietnam fought the foreign power. The cave names are: Dao Go (Driftwood) Grottoes; Trinh Nu (Virgin) Grotto-Trong (Male) Grotto; Thien Cung (Heavenly Palace) Grotto and Quang Hanh Grotto. Because of the history, UNESCO has been awarded Halong Bay as one of the World Heritage Site in the world .
• Hanoi: the capital city and culture city. This city was use by the troops of Vietnam as the last base for their struggle. The ancient architecture and the history site is the most wanted site in Hanoi. There are 600 pagoda and temple in Hanoi. Their names are One Pillar Pagoda (build on 1049), Temple of Literature (build on 1070), Hanoi Citadel, Hanoi Opera House, and also President Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum. Another magnet site in Hanoi is the river .
2. Constitution and Implementation on Sustainable Development
a. Indonesia
• Indonesia has a constitution on tourism, but now it is revising. In that constitution section 2 in point h, there is a word “berkelanjutan” . Berkelanjutan in English has the same meaning as Sustainable. So in the constitution we can see that the Government of Indonesia has clearly thought about the sustainability of the Indonesia’s Tourism. Besides of that point there are a lot points that support the Sustainable development in Indonesia.
• After we see the constitution, now we can see the implementation on the field. Indonesia is not yet implemented the constitution in the field. We can see in the case of Prambanan temple. There has been destruction in the Prambanan Temple when they try to reconstruct the site. That case is the example of the wrong implementation of the constitution. Besides of that there are a lot of loses happen in the tourism site because of the destruction of the tourism. Vandalism is another that usually happens in Indonesia. As the conclusion Indonesian people don’t recognize how to protect their tourism. The government doesn’t communicate intensely to the people about how important to protect the tourism.
b. Vietnam
• The constitution of Vietnam Tourism named SNV. Inside of this constitution there is a concept named Pro-Poor Tourism. This concept helped the poor people that want to go to another country. So with this concept Vietnam try to make the make the tourism sustain, because there are a lot of poor people that can’t go to rich country like Singapore, Dubai, USA try his chance to Vietnam. This constitution also has the priority of sustainable in the economic side. Inside of this constitution there are a lot of regulations about the nature control.
• In the implementation Vietnam is like Indonesia. There are a lot of mistakes and misses in the implementation. Vandalism by the tourist is the most enemy for the government of Vietnam. Because of the great advertising of Vietnam tourism board, Vietnam is now know as one of the destination for the tourist from Europe or United States of America. They are very like the beach in Vietnam. The good aspect that happens in Vietnam is the professionalism to control the tourism site. They try to give what that people from another country need. That is the different in the implementation between Indonesia and Vietnam.
3. Strategy to Get Tourist
a. Indonesia
• Indonesia has many sites of tourism, but Indonesia has their strategy to get the tourist. Indonesia uses the concept of MICE. Meeting, Incentive, Convention and Exhibition AKA MICE is one of the concepts to get tourist by held an international event in the site of tourism. Indonesia has been held 2 major events that promote the site of tourism. First, there is UNCCC (United Nations on Climate Change Conference) that has been held in Nusa Dua Bali on 3-14 December 2008 . In this event Indonesia try to preserve to the tourist the new face of Bali after the attack of the terrorist before. The Indonesian Government hopes that if the people who came to the conference in Bali want to comeback again in another time, so the sustainability of tourism in Bali can happen. The second biggest event that held in Indonesia is in North Sulawesi. North Sulawesi has been succeeding to hold the WOC (World Oceanic Conference). Because of the very nice sea and there are a lot of sea creature in Bunaken (one of the sea/ beach in North Sulawesi), North Sulawesi has been chossed to held the WOC. In this case Indonesia is also wanted to get tourist by using the MICE.
• We can’t see the effect of the MICE right now, but as we can see with held the international event like UNCCC and WOC Indonesia has been seen as a Country that have very great tourism site. Besides of the beautiful of the site, the aspect of security in Indonesia nowadays has been improved very well. Security has been very important think to concern because without security, the tourists don’t want to come to the place.
b. Vietnam
• The most impressive strategy that the government of Vietnam does is the program called Pro-Poor Tourism. In that case the Vietnam government thinks that many people can’t go to another country because they don’t have much money to spend there. Many tourists can’t go to countries likes Dubai, Costa Rica, Singapore, Malaysia. So for fulfill the needs of the not-rich tourist they make a program called Pro-Poor Tourism. They think maybe the tourist don’t bring much money, but if there are many tourist come to Vietnam they can multiply the benefit that Vietnam get. So this is eventually effect the sustainable tourism in Vietnam.
• We can see the effect of the Pro-Poor Tourism by the size of the tourism that come to Vietnam. From the data that I get, Vietnam has multiply the tourist by 286% from 1998-2008. That means that as we can see the Vietnam has been success to bring tourist to their country by this concept.
Conclusion
Today tourism has been a major investment in many countries. Costa Rica and Dubai is the example for a country that’s need tourism to replace their income. In this article I try to compare 2 country of ASEAN with so many differentiations, in their way to fulfill the sustainable tourism development system. I choose Indonesia and Vietnam because they have similarities in GDP of the country, but they have a differentiation to in the ideological (Indonesia is a democratic country and Vietnam is communism country.
Indonesia and Vietnam both have many places that are very beautiful and famous in the World. Bali and Halong City is one of the examples of the cities. The type of the tourism site is so many. Cave, ocean, mountain, valley, temple, big city are the example. The melayu culture is affected the places. Because such many ancient history and culture, Indonesia and Vietnam has became very wonderful site of tourism. Both Indonesia and Vietnam also has a constitution to protect their site, but neither of them is implemented the constitution effectively. This is become problems for both country.
For fulfill the concept of Sustainable Tourism Development, Indonesia and Vietnam chooses the different way. Indonesia uses the concept MICE intensly, Vietnam use the concept Pro-Poor Tourism. Implementation of MICE in Indonesia is happen when Indonesia held the UNCCC (United Nations on Climate Change Conference) and the WOC (World Oceans Conference). This strategy success to make a good face in the Indonesia tourism that has been broken by the act of terrorism. In Vietnam the concept of Pro-Poor Tourism has succeed. We can see on the data that the tourist that comes to Vietnam is Increase 286% from 1998 and 2008.
So to the end I think both of the country has been succeed to manage their Sustainable Tourism Development, even though they use different concept to accept it.