Tourism in International Relations
Lecture : Drs. Usmar Salam, MIS
AGASTYA ARIDIAN
07/250551/SP/21987
Many Countries today are in a stage of rapid economic, political, and social change. Bad economic in society and politics in the form of poverty, unemployment, and others is widely recognize as a grave problem. All the proposal to solve the problem of poverty, or particular expression of it, have been conducted by many ways. One of them is Tourism. It is probable that tourism will decrease poverty because it have been based on nature. It will not take any from citizens but instead give them job to do, such as seller of handicraft. General conception of tourism is traveling that is done in a certain time and to a certain place in order to get satisfaction in enjoying the journey. There are several definitions of tourism are issued by many people and agencies associated with tourism. Before reviewing some of these opinions, it's good if we know the etymology of tourism. Tourism is an activity that can be done by the people, anywhere in the world. Not infrequently tourism is a source of income for countries, and also a source of employment for developing countries. Along with the development of global tourism activities to bring the longer impact on the environment, sociocultural and also economic, the existence of the Sustainable Tourism Development is one of the important factors in the world of tourism. Sustainable tourism development is a pattern of natural resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment, so that these needs can be met not only at this time, but also for future generations . This concept in tourism development lead us to the management of all the instruments in a certain way, so that the needs of economic, social, and politics can be met and on the other hand, able to bring the immunity of cultural integrity and the natural support system. Talking about sustainable tourism and its nature, such as economic sustainability, Ecological sustainability, and cultural sustainability are the main issue. Based on the concept of sustainable tourism principles and some of the concept, in this writing, the author then underline medical and cultural tourism in India and Ecology Tourism in Costa Rica as the example of succession on tourism development. This is regarded as the point of view and the right example for the success of a country that is capable of implementing sustainable tourism as a foothold on the development of tourism.
MEDICAL AND CULTURAL TOURISM
Government of India doing a lot of effort to promote the country's tourism industry. Tourism sector is a major contributor to the GDP of India and become the largest provider of employment of the country. Unfortunately, even though the tourist industry provides many benefits, especially in terms of economic India still can't manage many of the industry. Therefore, at this time the government tried to focus on work with various kinds of business such as working with the private sector, community and do campaign abroad. Tourism is a sector that consistently showed growth at the global level from time to time. India is one of the countries which achieved success in the efforts to increase tourism income, the increasing number of tourists coming to India since 2002. As later, revenue from India tourism sector continues to increase. In 2002 revenues reached India only U.S. $ 3 billion and increased to be 11.96 U.S. $ in 2007. In 2002 the Ministry of Tourism India formulate a policy by entering the values that are in the concept of Sustainable Development. Government of India considers tourism as a major commodity in the economic growth of India. With the the impact of direct and multiplier effects that may be ocurred in the process of employment, economic development, and support for tourism activities in rural areas through tourism activities. Focus on domestic tourism as a key of economic growth for India, India also take advantage of the travel agency business development and expand tourism industry to global action to develop potential sources of India who have not been managed as an object destination. So by doing this, they can fill the absence of the critical role of the private sector as a facilitator and a catalyst that is proactive. Ensure that each tourist coming to India to get it physically and mentally healthy and enrich the cultural and spiritual insight Ministry of Tourism expand the implementation of theprogram that is in the Five Year Plan with a view to maintain basic principles and rules in the Tourism Policy. India has developed the facilities that support the interest of foreign and domestic tourists. India combine Sustainable Development concept with the concept of MICE (Meeting, Insentive. Collaboration , Exhibition). This can be seen from, for example, field medical facilities by providing travel for people who are sick with affordable prices and of course much cheaper from the usual tour. That way India uses the concept of Insentive, which is not a form of money but the discount price of the package tour. In addition to the medical field, India is also developing in the field of cultural tourism. This is because in India itself saves a lot of cultural diversity. Many people still hold the tradition. Women are still use the essence as their clothes. Custom-thought so very high there. The State in India will soon launch a tour Mahabharata in line with the Buddhist circuit in line by finding the latest findings Surveys Archeology of India are now a number of trench cave in the village Sinauli along the road that passed in the estimate by the brother of a man Pandawa.
ECOLOGY TOURISM
In developing ecotourism, many aspects that need to be a concern. The social, economic and environmental implications that become important as a process of achieving balance in the principles of sustainable development. As in Costa Rica, establishment of Costa Rican Tourism Board (ICT), in 1955 was one of it policy to achieved the increased income. Then the body is a role in determining policy related to tourism and promotion, both in the national or international level. Then to undertake the establishment, they apply the Certification in Sustainable Tourism. ICT with the Costa Rican National Accreditation Commission, announced The Certification in Sustainable Tourism Program (CST). Costa Rica also concerned about the availability of transportation and communication services to become a very important factor to attract the tourists with all the convenience and comfort offered. By doing this, they would also Improve the quality of education, especially to support the intellectual ability of local communities to become a guide and in the field of tourism, in addition they also inserted values to ensure that the maintenance and preservation of the environment can grow from the local community itself and is not going so excessive exploitation. ICT and the government of Costa Rica then issued a legislation that provides tax incentives and discounts for those stakeholders who are working in the tourism sector such as hotels and restaurants, airline, travel agency, transportation rentals, and more. All this is evidence are kind of seriousness from Costa Rica to build the outside of his country's image as a country with a high environmental awareness so that can’t directly endorse it tourism in this country which is sustainable development. This strategy issued with the sharp consolidation of business in the country and bolster. In the concept of two-level game that is applied to build the Costa Rica tourism image of the country one of the key success is Costa Rica concentrate on the consistency to continue the creation of a green image as a country through the policies in the domestic and international.
CONCLUTION
Both Costa Rica or India has their own success implementing their policy. Focused on MICE tourism, where India is trying to bring or invite travel seller and buyer from all over the country. Other steps taken by the government of India is to establish cooperation with the private sector and increase cooperation and understanding to the local people of the importance of tourism industry. With all of this program which is a manifestation of two-level game theory in the development of tourism is expected to provide a very significant increase in the income of the country from tourism sector. As for Costa Rica, this country became one of the countries that have been successfully implementing two-level strategy game in developing its ecology tourism. Thanks to the private sector that the government also get full of support from the community.
So India with the medical and cultural tourism while Costa Rica with the ecology tourism. They can manage to maintain their success by implementing the two level game theory which means both domestic and international sector are successfully achieved glory.
Reference :
http://www.domain-b.com
Ministry of Tourism Government of India. Annual Report (2007-2008)
http://www.tourism.co.cr
http://www.visitcostarica.com/ict/paginas/novedades.asp?ididioma=2