Comparasion Impementation Sustainable Tourism Development between Turkey and France Tourism

" Tourism in International Relations"Lecture : Drs. Usmar Salam MIS
Ahmad Syifa’ Rifa’i
07/250673/SP/22014
International Relation Departement
Gadjah Mada University


Comparasion Impementation Sustainable Tourism Development
between Turkey and France Tourism

Sustainable tourism development is the most basic on tourism sector. For sure we can read the explanation in Sustainable development charter, Tourism Development must be based by sustainable criteria that means tourism can be supported with ecology in long term all at once proper with economy, and equitable with the social prosperity.
The definition of sustainable tourism development is organize effort for develop life quality by orgnize preparation, developmentation, utilization and maintaining the ecology with sustainibility. Sustainable development only can be occured if good governance get participated in national tourism. Sustainable development have a four basic concept. Those are economic sustainability, ecological sustainability, cultural sustainability, dan local sustainability.
Both France and Turkey applied sustainable tourism development. In this essay I will compare implementation of sustainable tourism development by four basic concepts that I mentioned before.


Turkey Tourism

Turkey can be representated as a country that have a big geographycal advantage in tourism sector. Turkey have a good organized tourism programe. This matter can be proven by foreign tourist number raising that go to Turkey. Based by statistic year 2007, number of foreign tourist that go to Turkey reached 23,5 million tourists, the number reached almost 28 million people in the year 2008. The climate variety, the variety of tourist destination and the governance character for applied sustainable tourism development make Turkey has an interesting and advance tourism.

Economic Sustainability
Appropriate with basic principle of economic sustainability, tourism must be can make a profit for long term or for short term. Turkey governance have a big role for this matter, Turkey governance made a strategy for sustainability in economy tourism sector. The strategy is made variety tourism that conduvicing sustainable profit. With variety tourism, can prevent stagnation of financial income, all at once prevent tourist drabness. Of course, this matter must be balanced by inovation and optimalization and utilization natural tourism. So that the variety of tourism will be more and more increase, all at once increase the income from Turkey tourism it self.

Ecological sustainability
The persepective of environment sustainability also became one of aspect tourism sustainability. We can see that Turkey very consistent with international policy about development concept that concern wiyh environment or ecology. That policy made by cooperation between government and society. Ecological Sustainability mostly applied in ecotourism development, plateau and agricultural tourism. Ecological sustainability involved society, privat and NGO. Society have a big role on applied ecological sustainability in Turkey, in this condition Turkey placed society equitable with goverment or private on maintaining environment. That mean, society in turkey have a big role on tourism development just like tourism development model that called community bassed development. In this model, society were not a development victim but become actors for development by facilitation from government and private.
Either directly or non directly turkey must be applied ecological sustainability because Turkey have strategy for tourism that called Turkey 2023. This strategy more concern about ecotourism, this strategy believe that when environment and culture broken, then the sale price of turkey tourism will be decrease. As we know that tourism is very sensitive problem by issues, including economy, environment and politic. Tourism startegies that applied by turkey more concern with ecological sustainability. This strategy put preservation of economy ecology aspect for turkey peoples and economy ecology sustainability for the future. So that prosperity of turke tourism that began in 1980 will be keep on enjoyed by current generation and the next generation.

Cultural Sustainability
Supported by geographycal advantage between Asia and europe continent, caused turkey have potentions and superiority on culture sector. This matter can be seen from historical side, historical fact, proved that Turkey is one of region that ever across variety world civilization change. Began from Byzantium Kingdom, and then channged by Ottoman sultanate. The example of history that i mentioned pictured that long history caused variety of Turkeys culture can be hold out harmonically and can be used as potential asset for tourism.
Back to the essence of cultural sustainability, Turkey effort to made cultural sustainability focused by society control for social living that appropriate with cultural basic of turkey, values and norms. This matter automatically increase identity status of turkey people. The example that represent turkey effort to applied cultural sustainability can we seen on Turkey policy for Cumalikizik, a small village that ever became the first capital ottoman. Then this village leaved by citizen in 1950 because the great migration to Ankara and Istanbul. From year 1980 turkey government try for Cumalikizik restoration by UNESCO assistance. Concrete effort that executed including restorative historical site, reparation public facility and providing medium for cultural tourism in Cumalikizik

Local Sustainability
The basic purpose of local sustainability is give advantages for local community, or simply means increase the income of local citizen. Efforts of turkey government to applied local sustainability such, Local citizen can directly involve in tourism management. For Example, programs which made in 1989 that including two beach location of Turkey, Belek and Cirali. Tourism management that can involved by citizen such as, watch over both Belek and Cirali together with WWF. They asked to watch over populations and basic values from both Belek and Cirali beach. The primary purpose of this programs is providing sustainable tourism and biological variety conservation and natural environment in Belek and Cirali beach region, and made harmonic relationship between local society with central government and local government. This programs also fix society economy by made many new jobs.
Turkey government also support to use innovative technology, so that local society can providing good tourism service for tourist, so that this matter can increase local citizen economy.
Other than that, turkey government develop local houses for place for lodge for tourists, so that tourists can be closer with local culture and can see directly local citizen living.
The other strategy to applied local sustainability such as, use local citizen agriculture products for tourism needs. Because good tourisms are able to make multiplier effects for every levels. For this matter, society work as farmer which accommodating by turkey government with management and marketing for agriculture products, control for food quality and strengthen local capacity.


France Tourism

France begin committed sustainable development in year 2000, when this state agreed with Millennium Development Goals which an product United Nations general Assembly in September 2000. In this framework there are seven objective including environmental sustainability, with purpose for integrate sustainable developments principles and state policies and for bringing back environment resources which broken before.
France government focus to develop sustainable development in one sector, and that is tourism. The primary purpose is for made every production activity and consumption with tourist services more sustainable. To reach this purpose France government made ecology government, sustainable development, tourism development and foreign development to reach prime purpose that I mentioned before.

Economic sustainability
In France rural tourism involving society or villager for maximize asset and made it for income addition. So, this concept not to change the society jobs in tourism sector but made it for addition income. The income addition gained from marketing of agriculture product, providing foods and beverages, hotel or motel, and other activity such as riding horse, souvenir, hunting and traditional village sport.
This concepts has a wide implications for citizen social economy condition for the future. If every family in villages can increase their income, then village have an increase income too. The big income means local government can breaking out poverty faster. That means unemployment getting decrease , because the village it self can provide jobs.

Ecological Sustainability
France effort alternative solution to finish transportation tourism problems. Generally France use ordinary bus and train for tourism transportation, but France government also providing alternative transportation that called taxi hybrid which more thrift fuel. This matter purposed for made a transportation trend which kind with environment and non exploitation with natural resources such as fuel. France government want to make sure that plan, develop and operation from those facilities appropriate with sustainable development principles.
France government also maintaining their natural tourism such as beach, mountain, village tourism and other natural tourism. Beach in France have a specialty and always keep the cleanness. For example nice beach which doesn’t have sand beach, Menton beach that called The Pearl of France and Cannes beach which usually become choice for expose to the sun and swim.
Beside beach, France have many sky tourism for winter, such as Val d'Isere, Courchevel, Chamonix, Avoriaz, Meribel, Macot-la-Plagne.

Cultural Sustainability
France famous as a state that love their own culture. One of This matter reflected by language that used in France. We can say that, in France is very little language used other than France language it self. But, of course every people can speak France language, especially tourist from other country. Therefore France providing bureaus that teach France language for tourist.
France always maintain their culture, such as using fetes word in every festival that carried out and maintaining museum buildings which became a cultural state legacy. For example Cathédrale Saint-Etienne, Roman Ampitheatre of Toulouse, Cathédrale Saint-Etienne, Les Abattoirs Modern Art Museum. Those buildings are the legacy from hundred past year, but until now maintained carefully.
The France government always show awareness and give a big contribution so that the France culture can maintained carefully and can introduced for world society. From July 2008, President Sarkozy officially ask culture minister Christine Albanel for France culture democratization with open the big chance for tourist to acces museums and insert more culture values in living society in France.

Local Sustainability
For develop and support tourism, France government also develop local tourism. In the souvenir shop in France tourism the local citizens become the owner and all at once the worker. Souvenir shop in France such as Galerie Des Halles (Souvenirs de France), Marché de Belleville, Les Vins De France, Art Fest, and restaurants with local food.
Not only that, in every France tourism provided guider for give a guidance for tourist. The guider also come from local society. Sustainable tourism development give positive effect for France Tourism. According from Consumer Western Europe book, wrote that income of France tourism always increase from year to year, and also the sector that have a highest income than the other sectors for state income.


Conclusion
From Essay above, we know that Generally Turkey and France succeeded applied Sustainable Development Concept, indicated by four basic criteria, those are economic sustainability, ecological sustainability, cultural sustainability, dan local sustainability.
For economic sustainability Turkey made strategy that is variety tourism that conduvicing sustainable profit. With variety tourism, can prevent stagnation of financial income, all at once prevent tourist drabness. So that the variety of tourism will be more and more increase, all at once increase the income from Turkey tourism it self. And France like i mentioned before According from Consumer Western Europe book, wrote that income of France tourism always increase from year to year, and also the sector that have a highest income than the other sectors for state income.
For ecological sustainability, Turkey has applied ecological sustainability with strategy for tourism that called Turkey 2023. This strategy more concern about ecotourism, this strategy believe that when environment and culture broken, then the sale price of turkey tourism will be decrease. Meanwhile France use transportation strategy that providing alternative transportation that called taxi hybrid which more thrift fuel. This matter purposed for made a transportation trend which kind with environment and non exploitation with natural resources such as fuel.
For Cultural sustainability, Turkey effort to made cultural sustainability focused by society control for social living that appropriate with cultural basic of turkey, values and norms. This matter automatically increase identity status of turkey people. Meanwhile France government always show awareness and give a big contribution so that the France culture can maintained carefully and can introduced for world society. From July 2008, President Sarkozy officially ask culture minister Christine Albanel for France culture democratization with open the big chance for tourist to acces museums and insert more culture values in living society in France.
And the last, for Local Sustainability use local citizen agriculture products for tourism needs. For this matter, society work as farmer which accommodating by turkey government with management and marketing for agriculture products, control for food quality and strengthen local capacity. Meanwhile France government, develop local tourism by develop souvenir shop in France tourism. And the local citizens become the owner and all at once the worker. Not only that, in every France tourism provided guider for give a guidance for tourist. The guider also come from local society.